English version available below.
Sada kada smo naučili poreklo ekologije, njen značaj i šta ona proučava vreme je da naučimo koji su uslovi života na Zemlji i šta onin predstavljaju.
Život na Zemlji nastao je i razvijao se u skladu sa određenim uslovima koji su tada postojali, pre više od 3,5 milijardi godina. Prvi živi jednoćelijski organizmi zovu se koacervati. Oni su uticali na sredinu u kojoj su živeli, kao i ona na njih, pa su se uslovi na planeti Zemlji bezbroj puta menjali.Te promene su uslovile veliku biološku raznovrsnost živog sveta (biodiverzitet, o kojem ćemo govoriti u sledećem postu). Ona se ostvarivala tokom vremena, od pojave najjednostavnijih do najsloženijih organizama. Živa bića su se neprekidno menjala, evoluirala, nastajala i nestajala.
Po čemu se izdvaja naša planeta od drugih i zašto su na njoj pogodni uslovi za život?
Na drugim planetama sunčevog sistema nema uslova za pojavu i održavanje života kakav je na Zemlji. Glavni uzroci su nedostatak atmosfere, nedovoljna količina vode, i veoma niska ili previsoka temperatura.
Temperatura na zemlji je umerena (u proseku 15 stepeni C), što omogućava da vodu bude dostupna svim organizmima. Zemlja obiluje ogromnim količinama vode. Čak 2/3 planete je pokriveno vodom. Molekuli vode su najvažnija supstanca za održavanje života u živim bićima. Voda je najčešći rastvarač organskih i neorganskih jedinjenja, i sastavni deo građe svih živih bića.
Pored toga ono što izdvaja Zemlju u odnosu na druge planete je prisustvo kiseonika u atmosferi. Slobodan kiseonik je nastao zahvaljujući pojavi fotosintetičkih organizama (najčešće biljaka) tokom razvoja živog sveta. Proces stvaranja kiseonika teče i danas.
Prisustvo kiseonika omogućilo je bolju energetsku efikasnost, a samim tim i pojavu krupnijih oblika života. Pomoću kiseonika se oslobađa veća količina energije u procesu razlagannja organske supstance - hrane.
Ovo su osnovni i najvažniji uslovi, postoje i drugi u vidu ekoloških faktora, koje ćemo naučiti u postu o ekološkim faktorima.
Da li će tako i ostati? Da li će doći (ili je već došlo) do poremećaja procesa kruženja kiseonika, vode i ugljenika na Zemlji pod uticajem ljudskih aktivnosti? Kakve su posledice?
Primer uništenog ekosistema posredstvom ljudske aktivnosti:
Aralsko more, koje se nalazi u centralnoj Aziji, u stvari je slano jezero. nekada je po svojoj veličini bilo 4 u svetu. Ne tako davno, u njegovoj plitkoj i slankastoj vodi boravio je raznovrstan živi svet. Danas je Aralsko jezero upola i više manje, jer su ljudi u blizini gajili pamuk, a to je oblast koja prirodno ne ofgovara pamuku. Vodu su iz jezera koristili za navodnjavanje planktaža pamuka, dok ga nisu isušili. Sada je obala 150 km dalja nego što je bila pre nego što su 1959. dve velike reke koje su jezero snabdevale vodom pregrađene i usmerene ka plantažama. Od tada zbog klime tog područja (hladne zime i topla sušna leta, male količine padavina), ali i smanjenog priliva vode, voda iz Aralskog jezera brže isparava nego što se obnavlja. To je izazvalo ekološku katastrofu epskih razmera, koja je svrstana u jednu od najvećih na našoj planeti. Pored izumiranja raznih vrsta klima se nepovratno i vrtoglavo promenila, jer nema više velike površine vode da zimi greje a leti hladi vazduh. Pa temperature dostižu i do +50 i -50 stepeni C. Planktaže su pune soli koju je sa obale vetar odneo na njih, a u vodi koje okolno stanovništvo koristi salinitet je 4 outa veći!
Zato pazite na koji način se odnosite prema prirodi, svako treba početi od sebe. I znati šta je realno a šta ne u svakom smislu. Jer uništavajući prirodu, uništavamo sebe. To je svakako rat u kom ne možemo pobediti.
Now that we have learned the origin of ecology, its significance and what it studies the time to learn what are the conditions of life on Earth and what they represent.
Life on Earth was created and developed in accordance with certain conditions that then existed, more than 3.5 billion years. The first live-celled organisms called koacervati. They have affected the environment in which they lived, and she to them, so the conditions on Earth many times changes .Te changes have caused a great biological diversity of wildlife (biodiversity, on which we will discuss in the next post). It is achieved over time, from the very simplest to the most complex organisms. Living organisms are continually changed, evolved, appeared and disappeared.
What stands out from other planet, and why there are suitable conditions for life?On the other planets of the solar system there are no conditions for the emergence and maintenance of life on earth as it is. The main causes are lack of atmosphere, lack of water, and very low or too high temperatures.The temperature on earth is moderate (average 15 degrees C), which allows water to be available to all organisms. The country abounds in vast quantities of water. Even 2 / 3 of the planet is covered with water. The water molecules are the most important substance for life in living beings. Water is the most common solvent organic and inorganic compounds, materials and component of all living beings.In addition, what distinguishes the Earth in relation to other planets is the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. Free oxygen has been produced with the appearance of photosynthetic organisms (mostly plants) during the development of wildlife. The process of creating oxygen flowing today.
The presence of oxygen allowed for better energy efficiency, and thus the appearance of larger forms of life. With the oxygen is released greater amount of energy in the process of organic substances razlagannja - food.
These are basic and essential conditions, there are other environmental factors in mind, we will learn in a post on the environmental factors.
Will it remain so? Will there be (or has been) a distortion of the process of circulation of oxygen, water and carbon in the earth under the influence of human activities? What are the consequences?
Example of destroyed ecosystems through human activities:The Aral Sea, located in Central Asia, in fact, the salt lake. once by its size was 4 in the world. Not long ago, in its shallow water and stayed slankastoj diverse wildlife. Today, the Aral Sea and half more or less, because people in the vicinity of cultivated cotton, which is an area that does not naturally ofgovara cotton. Water from lakes used for irrigation of cotton plantations, until he was drained.Now the coast is 150 miles further than it was before the 1959th two major rivers supplying the lake water were reconstructed and directed to plantations. Since then the area because of the climate (cold winters and hot dry summers, low rainfall), and reduced inflow of water from the Aral Sea water evaporates more quickly than it is renewed. This caused an ecological disaster of epic proportions, which is classified into one of the largest on the planet. In addition to the extinction of various species, the climate has changed irreversibly and giddy, because there are no large areas of water that is heated in winter and cool in summer air. And temperatures can reach up to +50 and -50 degrees C. Plantations are full of salt from the shore by the wind took them, and led by the local population uses the salinity is 4 times bigger!So be careful how you treat nature, everyone should start by itself. I know what's real and what is not in any way. For destroying nature, destroying ourselves. This is certainly a war in which we can not win.
Sada kada smo naučili poreklo ekologije, njen značaj i šta ona proučava vreme je da naučimo koji su uslovi života na Zemlji i šta onin predstavljaju.
Život na Zemlji nastao je i razvijao se u skladu sa određenim uslovima koji su tada postojali, pre više od 3,5 milijardi godina. Prvi živi jednoćelijski organizmi zovu se koacervati. Oni su uticali na sredinu u kojoj su živeli, kao i ona na njih, pa su se uslovi na planeti Zemlji bezbroj puta menjali.Te promene su uslovile veliku biološku raznovrsnost živog sveta (biodiverzitet, o kojem ćemo govoriti u sledećem postu). Ona se ostvarivala tokom vremena, od pojave najjednostavnijih do najsloženijih organizama. Živa bića su se neprekidno menjala, evoluirala, nastajala i nestajala.
Po čemu se izdvaja naša planeta od drugih i zašto su na njoj pogodni uslovi za život?
Na drugim planetama sunčevog sistema nema uslova za pojavu i održavanje života kakav je na Zemlji. Glavni uzroci su nedostatak atmosfere, nedovoljna količina vode, i veoma niska ili previsoka temperatura.
Temperatura na zemlji je umerena (u proseku 15 stepeni C), što omogućava da vodu bude dostupna svim organizmima. Zemlja obiluje ogromnim količinama vode. Čak 2/3 planete je pokriveno vodom. Molekuli vode su najvažnija supstanca za održavanje života u živim bićima. Voda je najčešći rastvarač organskih i neorganskih jedinjenja, i sastavni deo građe svih živih bića.
Pored toga ono što izdvaja Zemlju u odnosu na druge planete je prisustvo kiseonika u atmosferi. Slobodan kiseonik je nastao zahvaljujući pojavi fotosintetičkih organizama (najčešće biljaka) tokom razvoja živog sveta. Proces stvaranja kiseonika teče i danas.
Prisustvo kiseonika omogućilo je bolju energetsku efikasnost, a samim tim i pojavu krupnijih oblika života. Pomoću kiseonika se oslobađa veća količina energije u procesu razlagannja organske supstance - hrane.
Ovo su osnovni i najvažniji uslovi, postoje i drugi u vidu ekoloških faktora, koje ćemo naučiti u postu o ekološkim faktorima.
Da li će tako i ostati? Da li će doći (ili je već došlo) do poremećaja procesa kruženja kiseonika, vode i ugljenika na Zemlji pod uticajem ljudskih aktivnosti? Kakve su posledice?
Primer uništenog ekosistema posredstvom ljudske aktivnosti:
Aralsko more, koje se nalazi u centralnoj Aziji, u stvari je slano jezero. nekada je po svojoj veličini bilo 4 u svetu. Ne tako davno, u njegovoj plitkoj i slankastoj vodi boravio je raznovrstan živi svet. Danas je Aralsko jezero upola i više manje, jer su ljudi u blizini gajili pamuk, a to je oblast koja prirodno ne ofgovara pamuku. Vodu su iz jezera koristili za navodnjavanje planktaža pamuka, dok ga nisu isušili. Sada je obala 150 km dalja nego što je bila pre nego što su 1959. dve velike reke koje su jezero snabdevale vodom pregrađene i usmerene ka plantažama. Od tada zbog klime tog područja (hladne zime i topla sušna leta, male količine padavina), ali i smanjenog priliva vode, voda iz Aralskog jezera brže isparava nego što se obnavlja. To je izazvalo ekološku katastrofu epskih razmera, koja je svrstana u jednu od najvećih na našoj planeti. Pored izumiranja raznih vrsta klima se nepovratno i vrtoglavo promenila, jer nema više velike površine vode da zimi greje a leti hladi vazduh. Pa temperature dostižu i do +50 i -50 stepeni C. Planktaže su pune soli koju je sa obale vetar odneo na njih, a u vodi koje okolno stanovništvo koristi salinitet je 4 outa veći!
Zato pazite na koji način se odnosite prema prirodi, svako treba početi od sebe. I znati šta je realno a šta ne u svakom smislu. Jer uništavajući prirodu, uništavamo sebe. To je svakako rat u kom ne možemo pobediti.
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Life on Earth was created and developed in accordance with certain conditions that then existed, more than 3.5 billion years. The first live-celled organisms called koacervati. They have affected the environment in which they lived, and she to them, so the conditions on Earth many times changes .Te changes have caused a great biological diversity of wildlife (biodiversity, on which we will discuss in the next post). It is achieved over time, from the very simplest to the most complex organisms. Living organisms are continually changed, evolved, appeared and disappeared.
What stands out from other planet, and why there are suitable conditions for life?On the other planets of the solar system there are no conditions for the emergence and maintenance of life on earth as it is. The main causes are lack of atmosphere, lack of water, and very low or too high temperatures.The temperature on earth is moderate (average 15 degrees C), which allows water to be available to all organisms. The country abounds in vast quantities of water. Even 2 / 3 of the planet is covered with water. The water molecules are the most important substance for life in living beings. Water is the most common solvent organic and inorganic compounds, materials and component of all living beings.In addition, what distinguishes the Earth in relation to other planets is the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. Free oxygen has been produced with the appearance of photosynthetic organisms (mostly plants) during the development of wildlife. The process of creating oxygen flowing today.
The presence of oxygen allowed for better energy efficiency, and thus the appearance of larger forms of life. With the oxygen is released greater amount of energy in the process of organic substances razlagannja - food.
These are basic and essential conditions, there are other environmental factors in mind, we will learn in a post on the environmental factors.
Will it remain so? Will there be (or has been) a distortion of the process of circulation of oxygen, water and carbon in the earth under the influence of human activities? What are the consequences?
Example of destroyed ecosystems through human activities:The Aral Sea, located in Central Asia, in fact, the salt lake. once by its size was 4 in the world. Not long ago, in its shallow water and stayed slankastoj diverse wildlife. Today, the Aral Sea and half more or less, because people in the vicinity of cultivated cotton, which is an area that does not naturally ofgovara cotton. Water from lakes used for irrigation of cotton plantations, until he was drained.Now the coast is 150 miles further than it was before the 1959th two major rivers supplying the lake water were reconstructed and directed to plantations. Since then the area because of the climate (cold winters and hot dry summers, low rainfall), and reduced inflow of water from the Aral Sea water evaporates more quickly than it is renewed. This caused an ecological disaster of epic proportions, which is classified into one of the largest on the planet. In addition to the extinction of various species, the climate has changed irreversibly and giddy, because there are no large areas of water that is heated in winter and cool in summer air. And temperatures can reach up to +50 and -50 degrees C. Plantations are full of salt from the shore by the wind took them, and led by the local population uses the salinity is 4 times bigger!So be careful how you treat nature, everyone should start by itself. I know what's real and what is not in any way. For destroying nature, destroying ourselves. This is certainly a war in which we can not win.
Uslovi života na zemji su
ОдговориИзбриши